The research aims to reduce or replace critical materials like tungsten carbide and cobalt in hardmetal tools while maintaining high performance. To achieve this goal, two simulations focusing on the milling tool will be conducted with PFEM (Particle Finite Element Method):

1. Tool production process using additive manufacturing process (HS-DED-L)
   • Simulate HS-DED-L process (additive manufacturing)
   • Track powder melting and mixing
   • Model particle size and its composition
   • Predict mechanical properties from microstructure
   • Optimize primary and recycled powder utilization proportion
      
2. Milling process to evaluate the tool’s performance
   • Stress distribution in tool
   • Frictional behavior at the contact interface
   • Temperature evolution during milling
   • Tool wear prediction
   • Layer adhesion and cohesion